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买家现场转码指南2019

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如果你制作现场活动, 最佳的工作流程是在您的事件位置编码一个流,并将其传输到云,在那里它可以被转编码成一个完整的编码阶梯, packaged for your viewers on different platforms, 然后交给他们. 本买家指南讨论了可提供这些服务的供应商类别.

立即访问我们的2019年百家乐软件手册. Register for free to download the entire issue right now!

I’ll start by discussing the basic list of features to consider, 然后我将确定供应商类别, 讨论它们的利弊, and go over the types of users that should choose each particular category.

基本特征

The most basic feature relates to the type of event you’re producing. 绝大多数事件是1到2小时或更短,可以由任何类别的供应商处理. If you’re producing all-day events or 24/7 streaming, check for that functionality early in the selection process, because not all services support those types of events.

除此之外,请考虑以下选项.

代码转换

转码是将传入流编码成编码阶梯的地方——调用一系列分辨率和数据速率,以便通过一系列连接将数据分发到各种目标平台. 大多数服务转码为H.作为基准,因为H . 264格式.264 plays everywhere and is relatively efficient to transcode.

Here’s a list of questions that may be important, 取决于你的尺寸, 目标受众, 以及你发布的视频类型.

  • How much control do you have over the formulation of the encoding ladder, including the number of rungs and their configurations?
  • Are there any resolution limits for your subscription plan? 而720p应该足以应付许多主要活动(大多数Facebook Live活动都是720p)。, 1080p or larger may be preferred for premium events.
  • Which codecs (if any) does the service offer beyond H.264? 像VP9和HEVC这样的编解码器可以降低带宽成本,并通过允许服务以与H相同的数据速率提供更高分辨率的流来提高观众的体验质量(QoE).264. HEVC is also the codec of choice for most smart TVs.
  • 是否有按标题编码的能力,可以自定义转码配置根据视频文件中的内容? 此功能在VOD编码商店中很常见, and live per-title encoding appeared on the market in late 2017.
  • Can the service encode 4K and high dynamic range (HDR) video?

包装

打包是支持自适应比特率(ABR)格式(如HTTP 在线直播 (HLS)和动态自适应HTTP Streaming (DASH))所必需的分块和元数据创建。. 这里的问题包括:

  • Which formats other than HLS/DASH does the service support? If your viewers watch on gaming platforms like the Xbox, 那么微软的平滑流媒体可能是唯一能达到这些目标的格式.
  • When will the service support the Common Media Application Format? CMAF将使DASH和HLS播放器能够通过一组打包文件进行传输, which should cut delivery and storage costs significantly. 一些旧的平台不支持CMAF, 但在2019年或2020年的某个时候, 一些生产商可能认为这些平台无关紧要,可能想要切换到CMAF.

球员

许多服务提供集成播放器和/或与第三方播放器集成. 这里的问题包括:

  • 集成播放器支持哪些功能,它们实现起来有多简单? Can you change the color and branding to match your website? Can you easily enable social media integration, embedding, or comments?
  • 玩家是否包含服务的品牌,或者是否存在没有品牌的“白标签”选项?
  • Can you use an existing player that you’ve licensed or developed? 哪些第三方参与者与系统集成,或者您必须自己创建?

CDN

Most services deliver via a content delivery network, 或CDN, designed to efficiently deliver high-bandwidth video streams, 这有助于确保观众的QoE. 这里的问题包括:

  • 该服务使用哪个CDN?
  • Does the service support a single CDN (no redundancy) or multiple CDNs?
  • If multiple CDNs, what’s the schema for switching over? 当需求过大或原始CDN出现故障时,是否会切换业务, 还是监控每个区域内每个CDN提供的服务质量(QoS),并使用在每个区域内提供最佳服务的CDN?

分析

分析是播放统计数据,如观众数量和他们的平均观看时间. Other data points to look for include the following:

  • 服务是否提供对编码和交付状态的实时访问,以便立即识别问题,从而解决问题?
  • 该服务是否包括与QoE服务的集成,以便跟踪启动时间等性能指标, rebuffering比率, 平均媒体比特率, 视频启动失败?
  • 该服务能否将直播分析与谷歌分析或类似的软件包集成?

玩家和平台支持

Most services can package streams for viewing on computers and 移动设备s, but additional platforms may mean more eyeballs. Questions to consider here include the following:

  • What other platforms does the service support? 相关费用是什么?
  • Does the service provide SDKs to support 移动设备s and other platforms?
  • 该服务能否将直播内容联合到Facebook live或YouTube等社交媒体平台上?

技术支持

Live events are the ultimate “must get it right the first time” situations. If you haven’t felt the panic of things going south while streaming a live event, you either haven’t produced many or you’ve been extremely lucky. Since many events are produced after hours, having support from 8 a.m. 到5点.m., Monday through Friday, probably won’t cut it. The bottom line is that for mission-critical events, you’ll need accessible telephone support during the event, 所以要检查成本和可用性.

对于不太紧急的问题, 你会想要一个充满活力的帮助台,里面有常见问题解答, 深厚的知识基础, 还有一个活跃的社区,你可以从同行和服务提供商那里得到答案. 检查这些百家乐软件以衡量它们的当前状态和活跃程度总是很有用的.

此表比较了可以提供实时转码功能的公司类别.

先进的功能

除了上面讨论的基础之外, 还有一些更高级的功能是许多现场活动制作人应该考虑的.

API

应用程序编程接口, 或api, 使您能够以编程方式将您的系统与直播流服务的系统集成在一起,这样您就可以自动化直播事件生产的某些方面,或者将分析从服务转储到您自己的系统中. 问这些问题:

  • 服务有API吗?
  • 该服务包含哪些功能:事件设置、实时还是事后分析?

数字版权管理和其他安全措施

数字版权管理, 或数字版权管理, is essential for those publishing premium content, 但对其他人来说可能是可取的. You’ll want to know which 数字版权管理s the service supports and how it supports them. 例如, 一些较大的服务提供商可能运行自己的数字版权管理服务器,而另一些则链接到第三方服务, providing more flexibility and potentially affordability. Other security options to check for include password protection, geo-restriction, and the ability to limit which sites (if any) can embed the live event stream.

标题

Most live event productions don’t require caption support, 但如果你的, be aware that many smaller service providers don’t support them.

广告插入/收费

Advertising insertion is one way to monetize your content, while subscription or pay-per-view via a paywall are two others. 如果你想赚钱, 忘记社交媒体的传播,尽早检查其他类别,因为不是所有的公司都提供这些选择.

低延时

在现场事件设置中, latency typically refers to “glass-to-glass” latency, 或者从通过相机镜头(第一块玻璃)拍摄到在电脑上观看之间的延迟, 移动设备, 或者电视(第二个). Without special tuning, this latency can easily exceed 30 seconds or longer. 很多私人活动, 这种延迟是可以接受的,并且带来了一个显著的好处——回放将得到很好的缓冲和健壮性.

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